GRSA1 (Great Sand Dunes National Monument, CO, Lat. 37.7249, Long. -105.5185, Alt. 2504)
6 years aerosol data are available in Great Sand Dunes National Monument during the sampling period of 1997 - 2002. As shown in Figure 1, the overall average total light extinction coefficient (Bext) is 26.0 Mm-1 (Visual Range ~ 150 Km; Deciview ~ 9.6). The average PM2.5 mass concentration is 3.5 mg/m3. The average contributions of the major aerosol components to Great Sand Dunes National Monument haze are particulate sulfate 20.7%, nitrate 4.8%, organic matter (OMC) 15.3%, elemental carbon (light absorbing carbon, LAC) 4.5%, fine soil 4.1% and coarse mass (CM) 12.2%.
Figure 1 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
Figure 2 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction in 20% best, middle 60% and 20% worst days (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
As Figure 2 indicates, the average aerosol light extinction coefficient (Bext Rayleigh Scattering (10 Mm-1)) during the 20% worst days is 28.2 Mm-1, which is about 3.7 times of the value of 7.7 Mm-1 during the 20% best days and 1.9 times of the value of 14.6 Mm-1 during the middle 60% days. Sulfate, OMC and CM are three of the largest contributors to aerosol light extinction during the 20% worst days, and the contribution of sulfate, OMC and CM to aerosol light extinction are ~ 28.8%, 25.0% and 24.0%, respectively in the 20% worst days.
Figure 3 suggests that the highest occurrence of the 20% worst days happened in April to June and August to September, in which ~30 - 40% of the sampling days are the 20% haziest days at Great Sand Dunes National Monument. As shown in Figure 4, Dust (CM + fine soil) is the largest aerosol contributor to haze in the spring, with a contribution of ~ 30 - 40% in the worst days. OMC, CM and sulfate are all important aerosol contributors to haze in June and August, each with a contribution of 20% in the worst days. Sulfate contributes ~ 35% to haze in the worst days in September, and is the largest aerosol contributor.
Figure 3 Percentage of sampling days that are 20% worst days in each month (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
Figure 4 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction during 20% worst days in each month (Based on data available in 1997-2002)