BOAP1 (Bosque del Apache, NM, Lat. 35.7796, Long. -106.2663, Alt. 1987)
2 and a half years aerosol data are available in Bosque del Apache during the sampling period of 1997 - 2002. As shown in Figure 1, the overall average total light extinction coefficient (Bext) is 30.2 Mm-1 (Visual Range ~ 129 Km; Deciview ~ 11.1). The average PM2.5 mass concentration is 4.3 mg/m3. The average contributions of the major aerosol components to Bosque del Apache haze are particulate sulfate 20.8%, nitrate 7.0%, organic matter (OMC) 15.7%, elemental carbon (light absorbing carbon, LAC) 7.4%, fine soil 3.6% and coarse mass (CM) 12.5%.
Figure 1 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction (1997-2002)
Figure 2 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction in 20% best, middle 60% and 20% worst days (1997-2002)
As Figure 2 indicates, the average aerosol light extinction coefficient (Bext Rayleigh Scattering (10 Mm-1)) during the 20% worst days is 36.0 Mm-1, which is about 3.7 times of the value of 9.8 Mm-1 during the 20% best days and 2.0 times of the value of 18.2 Mm-1 during the middle 60% days. Sulfate, organic matter and coarse mass are three of the largest contributors to aerosol light extinction during the 20% worst days, and the contribution of sulfate, OMC and CM to aerosol light extinction are ~ 27.4% 24.1% and 17.8%, respectively in worst days.
Figure 3 suggests that the highest occurrence of the 20% worst days happened in January, June and August, in which ~30% of the sampling days are the 20% haziest days at Bosque del Apache. As shown in Figure 4, in the winter, nitrate dominates the aerosol light extinction, and contributes about 25% - 40% to haze during the 20% worst days. OMC is the largest aerosol contributor with a contribution of 25 - 30% in February, June and July. In the summer and fall from August to November, sulfate dominates the light extinction with a contribution of 30-35%. In the spring time, the contributions of the coarse mass and fine soil are also important. Although April has the lowest occurrence of 20% worst days, the light extinction coefficients for the worst days in April are relatively high and dominated by dust (coarse and fine soil). This may due to the sparsely occurring dust storms in the spring, which significantly elevate the aerosol concentrations and result in regional haze in Bosque del Apache.
Figure 3 Percentage of sampling days that are 20% worst days in each month (1997-2002)
Figure 4 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction during 20% worst days in each month (1997-2002)