CANY1 (Canyonlands National Park, UT, Lat. 38.4587, Long. -109.8209, Alt. 1799)
6 years aerosol data are available in Canyonlands National Park during the sampling period of 1997 - 2002. As shown in Figure 1, the overall average total light extinction coefficient (Bext) is 24.2 Mm-1 (Visual Range ~ 161 Km; Deciview ~ 8.8). The average PM2.5 mass concentration is 3.3 mg/m3. The average light extinction coefficient is relatively low, with ~40% of the light extinction is due to rayleigh gas scattering. The average contributions of the major aerosol components to Canyonlands National Park haze are particulate sulfate 20.3%, nitrate 6.1%, organic matter (OMC) 12.8%, elemental carbon (light absorbing carbon, LAC) 5.0%, fine soil 3.2% and coarse mass (CM) 11.3%.
Figure 1 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction (1997-2002)
Figure 2 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction in 20% best, middle 60% and 20% worst days (1997-2002)
As Figure 2 indicates, the average aerosol light extinction coefficient (Bext Rayleigh Scattering (10 Mm-1)) during the 20% worst days is 23.9 Mm-1, which is about 3.3 times of the value of 7.1 Mm-1 during the 20% best days and 1.8 times of the value of 13.2 Mm-1 during the middle 60% days. Sulfate is the largest contributor to aerosol light extinction during the 20% worst days, and the contribution of sulfate to aerosol light extinction is ~ 29.9% in worst days. OMC and CM also contribute ~ 23.7% and ~ 20.1% to aerosol light extinction during the worst days.
Figure 3 suggests that the the occurrence of 20% worst days is relatively constant throughout the year (in the range of ~ 15% to 25%). The highest occurrence of the 20% worst days happened in May, December and July, in which more than ~25% of the sampling days are the 20% haziest days at Canyonlands National Park. As shown in Figure 4, sulfate and nitrate are the major aerosol contributors to haze during the Winter in December, January and February. In March and April, CM is the largest aerosol contributor to haze. OMC becomes important when Summer comes. It contributes ~30% to haze in July and August. Both OMC and sulfate are important during the fall.
Figure 3 Percentage of sampling days that are 20% worst days in each month (1997-2002)
Figure 4 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction during 20% worst days in each month (1997-2002)