YELL2 (Yellowstone National Park, WY, Lat. 44.5653, Long. -110.4001, Alt. 2425)
6 years aerosol data are available in Yellowstone National Park during the sampling period of 1997 - 2002. As shown in Figure 1, the overall average total light extinction coefficient (Bext) is 23.1 Mm-1 (Visual Range ~ 169 Km; Deciview ~ 8.4). The average PM2.5 mass concentration is 2.9 mg/m3. The average contributions of the major aerosol components to Yellowstone National Park haze are particulate sulfate 16.4%, nitrate 5.7%, organic matter (OMC) 21.5%, elemental carbon (light absorbing carbon, LAC) 5.0%, fine soil 2.2% and coarse mass (CM) 6.0%.
Figure 1 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
Figure 2 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction in 20% best, middle 60% and 20% worst days (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
As Figure 2 indicates, the average aerosol light extinction coefficient (Bext Rayleigh Scattering (10 Mm-1)) during the 20% worst days is 25.8 Mm-1, which is about 5.2 times of the value of 4.9 Mm-1 during the 20% best days and 2.3 times of the value of 11.5 Mm-1 during the middle 60% days. OMC is the largest contributor to aerosol light extinction, with a contribution of 47% in the 20% worst days.
Figure 3 suggests that the highest occurrence of the 20% worst days happened in August, in which ~ 42% of the sampling days are the 20% haziest days at Yellowstone National Park. As shown in Figure 4, OMC is the largest aerosol contributor to haze during the 20% worst days in the summer and September and October, with a contribution of ~ 20 - 50%. Sulfate and Nitrate each contributes ~30% in the 20% worst days in the winter. Sulfate is the largest aerosol contributor to haze during the 20% worst days in the Spring, with a contribution of ~ 20 - 25%.
Figure 3 Percentage of sampling days that are 20% worst days in each month (Based on data available in 1997-2002)
Figure 4 Average contributions of major aerosol chemical components to light extinction during 20% worst days in each month (Based on data available in 1997-2002)